Which acid-base disturbance is associated with hyperaldosteronism?

• A. Metabolic Acidosis
• B. Metabolic Alkalosis
• C. Respiratory Acidosis
• D. Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer: (B)

Hyperaldosteronism causes metabolic alkalosis. Excess aldosterone drives increased hydrogen ion (and potassium) secretion in the distal nephron, so more H+ is excreted and more bicarbonate is retained. This raises serum bicarbonate and pH, producing a metabolic alkalosis. Hypokalemia commonly occurs as potassium is lost in the process, which can reinforce alkalosis. The respiratory system may compensate by hypoventilating to raise CO2, but this compensation is limited. Metabolic acidosis or purely respiratory disturbances don’t fit this hormonal effect on kidney acid-base handling.