What is the primary treatment for pheochromocytoma?

• A. Adrenalectomy
• B. Chemotherapy
• C. Insulin therapy
• D. Radiation

Answer: (A)

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor that overproduces catecholamines, leading to dangerous hypertension and other adrenergic symptoms. The definitive, primary treatment is surgical removal of the tumor, usually by adrenalectomy. Removing the source of excess catecholamines cures or greatly improves the condition in most patients.

Because these tumors can trigger dramatic blood pressure spikes during manipulation, preoperative preparation is essential: start alpha-adrenergic blockade (for example, phenoxybenzamine) to control blood pressure and widen stability, and ensure adequate volume expansion. Beta-blockers may be added after alpha blockade if tachycardia persists. This pre-op optimization reduces the risk of intraoperative hypertensive crises and arrhythmias.

Chemotherapy or radiation might be considered for malignant or unresectable disease, but they are not the primary treatment. Insulin therapy is not a treatment for pheochromocytoma.